Table 1 Crude associations between risk factors at baseline and the incidence of asthma and rhinitis*
Risk factor at baseline | Total number in category n (%) | Number with asthma n | Asthma OR (95% CI) | P-value | Number with rhinitis n | Rhinitis OR (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eczema | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
No | 2,573 (82.4) | 101 | 1.0 | 107 | 1.0 | ||
Yes | 551 (17.6) | 49 | 2.85 (1.72-4.71) | 65 | 3.14 (2.27-4.36) | ||
Persistence of eczema | <0.001 | ||||||
No | 2,886 (92.4) | 58 | 1.0 | <0.001 | 135 | 1.0 | |
Yes | 238 (7.6) | 15 | 4.20 (2.31-7.64) | 37 | 3.92 (2.64-5.82) | ||
Onset of eczema | <0.001 | ||||||
No | 2,483 (80.6) | 46 | 1.0 | <0.001 | 98 | 1.0 | |
Age ≥ one year | 216 (6.9) | 6 | 1.87 (0.7-4.45) | 8 | 0.96 (0.46-2.00) | ||
Age < one year | 386 (12.6) | 21 | 3.63 (2.12-6.22) | 66 | 5.02 (3.58-7.05) | ||
Eczema severity | <0.001 | ||||||
No | 2,478 (79.47) | 45 | 1.0 | <0.001 | 98 | 1.0 | |
Mild | 468 (15.0) | 17 | 2.42 (1.36-4.29) | 47 | 2.74 (1.90-3.95) | ||
Moderate to severe | 173 (5.5) | 11 | 4.55 (2.27-9.12) | 27 | 4.74 (2.98-7.55) | ||
Gender | 0.001 | ||||||
Female | 1,546 (49.5) | 25 | 1.0 | 0.002 | 65 | 1.0 | |
Male | 1,579 (50.5) | 48 | 2.16 (1.32-3.54) | 107 | 1.67 (1.21-2.29) | ||
Age of the child | 0.727 | ||||||
12-23 month | 1,557 (49.8) | 41 | 1.0 | 0.325 | 88 | 1.0 | |
24-35 month | 1,568 (50.2) | 32 | 0.79 (0.49-1.27) | 84 | 0.95 (0.70-1.29) | ||
Parental history of allergic disease | <0.001 | ||||||
No parent | 1,594 (51.0) | 26 | 1.0 | <0.001 | 47 | 1.0 | |
One parent | 1,199 (38.4) | 32 | 1.92 (1.14-3.25) | 83 | 2.45 (1.69-3.53) | ||
Two parents | 332 (10.6) | 15 (7.2) | 3.67 (1.90-7.08) | 42 | 4.85 (3.12-7.55) | ||
Asthma in the child | <0.001 | ||||||
No | 2,843 (91.4) | -- | -- | 147 | 1.0 | ||
Yes | 269 (8.6) | -- | -- | -- | 25 | 4.10 (2.57-6.54) | |
Length of breastfeeding | 0.791 | ||||||
Longer than 6 month | 2,043 (65.9) | 44 | 1.0 | 0.021 | 112 | 1.0 | |
Up to 6 months | 974 (31.4) | 23 | 1.14 (0.68-1.90) | 54 | 1.02 (0.73-1.43) | ||
No breastfeeding | 82 (2.7) | 6 | 3.32 (1.36-8.11) | 6 | 1.35 (0.57-3.16) | ||
Number of bedrooms with PVC | 0.116 | ||||||
No PVC in bedroom | 1,300 (42.8) | 23 | 1.0 | 0.184 | 60 | 1.0 | |
PVC in one bedroom | 558 (18.4) | 14 | 1.42 (0.72-2.79) | 38 | 1.51 (0.99-2.30) | ||
PVC in two bedrooms | 1,183 (38.9) | 34 | 1.65 (0.96-2.82) | 70 | 1.31 (0.92-1.87) | ||
Type of building | 0.453 | ||||||
Single-family house | 2,522 (82.4) | 58 | 1.0 | 0.902 | 137 | 1.0 | |
Multi-family house | 538 (17.6) | 12 | 1.04 (0.55-1.96) | 33 | 1.13 (0.75-1.70) | ||
Parental smoking | 0.357 | ||||||
No | 2,431 (77.8) | 56 | 1.0 | 0.691 | 139 | 1.0 | |
Yes | 694 (22.2) | 17 | 1.12 (0.64-1.94) | 33 | 0.83 (0.56-1.23) | ||
Number of adults living with the child | 0.830 | ||||||
Two or more adults | 2,853 (93.8) | 66 | 1.0 | 0.320 | 157 | 1.0 | |
One adult | 190 (6.2) | 6 | 1.54 (0.65-3.62) | 11 | 1.07 (0.57-2.01) |