Table 2 Univariate analysis of exposures and risk of eczema since birth
From: Risk factors for eczema in infants born in Cuba: a population-based cross-sectional study
Variable | Definition of category | Number (%) unless stated otherwise | Prevalence of eczema (%) | OR for eczema using survey command (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mother used paracetamol in pregnancy (%) | No | 1809 (92) | 626 (35) | 1 |
Yes | 147 (8) | 46 (31) | 0.86 (0.43-1.73) | |
Mother used aspirin in pregnancy (%) | Never | 1778 (91) | 596 (34) | 1 |
Yes | 178 (9) | 76 (43) | 1.48 (0.72-3.05) | |
Infant’s mean birth weight, kg, (sd) | 3.34 (0.53) | n/a | 0.98 (0.84-1.13) per kg | |
Infant’s mean height at birth cm (sd)* | 50.28 (2.38) | n/a | 1.02 (0.99-1.06) per cm | |
Infant’s mean weight, kg, (sd) | 10.52 (1.56) | n/a | 1.14 (1.04-1.26) per kg | |
Infant’s mean height, cm (sd) | 74.67 (3.72) | n/a | 1.02 (1.00-1.03) per cm | |
Caesarean birth (%) | No | 1163 (59) | 394 (34) | 1 |
Yes | 793 (41) | 278 (35) | 1.05 (0.73-1.52) | |
Respiratory distress at birth (%) | No | 1836 (94%) | 620 (34) | 1 |
Yes | 120 (6%) | 52 (43) | 1.50 (1.04-2.16) | |
Breastfeeding ≥4 months | No | 890 (45) | 337 (38) | 1 |
Yes | 1066 (55) | 335 (31) | 0.75 (0.56-1.01) | |
Family history of asthma | No | 917 (47) | 267 (29) | 1 |
Yes | 1039 (53) | 405 (39) | 1.56 (1.32-1.83) | |
Insect sting allergy (%) | No | 933 (48) | 229 (25) | 1 |
Yes | 1022 (52) | 443 (43) | 2.35 (1.56-3.56) | |
Missing | 1 | |||
Paracetamol use by infant including kogrip (%) | No | 1486 (76) | 486 (33) | 1 |
Yes | 470 (24) | 186 (40) | 1.35 (1.12-1.62) | |
Antibiotic use by infant | No | 1255 (64) | 363 (29) | 1 |
Yes | 696 (36) | 307 (44) | 1.94 (1.40, 2.68) | |
State of home (%) | Good | 1368 (70) | 477 (35) | 1 |
Regular | 463 (24) | 149 (32) | 0.87 (0.77-1.01) | |
Poor | 125 (6) | 46 (37) | 1.09 (0.40-2.98) p = 0.13 p(trend) = 0.84 | |
No. of rooms in house (excluding bathroom and kitchen) | 1 | 246 (13) | 91 (37) | 1 |
2 | 540 (28) | 167 (31) | 0.76 (0.38-1.54) | |
≥3 | 1170 (60) | 414 (35) | 0.93 (0.44-1.99) p = 0.35 p(trend) = 0.83 | |
Ventilation of home (%) | Good | 1535 (78) | 524 (34) | 1 |
Regular | 307 (16) | 102 (33) | 0.96 (0.72-1.28) | |
Poor | 114 (6) | 46 (40) | 1.31 (0.70-2.44) p = 0.62 p(trend) = 0.31 | |
Presence of ornamental plants (%) | No | 1405 (72) | 484 (34) | 1 |
Yes | 551 (28) | 188 (34) | 0.99 (0.77-1.26) | |
Presence of bathroom in home (%) | No | 255 (13) | 96 (38) | 1 |
Yes | 1701 (87) | 576 (34) | 0.85 (0.59-1.22) | |
Mould in home (%) | No | 1385 (71) | 443 (32) | 1 |
Yes | 571 (29) | 229 (40) | 1.42 (1.19-1.70) | |
Child sleeps in cooking area | No | 1774 (91) | 592 (33) | 1 |
Yes | 182 (9) | 80 (44) | 1.57 (1.17-2.10) | |
Cook with gas (%) | No | 133 (7) | 64 (48) | 1 |
Yes | 1823 (93) | 608 (33) | 0.54 (0.32-0.90) | |
Cook with electricity (%) | No | 1507 (77) | 482 (32) | 1 |
Yes | 449 (23) | 190 (449) | 1.56 (0.99-2.45) | |
Mosquito nets in home (%) | No | 728 (37) | 240 (33) | 1 |
Yes | 1228 (63) | 432 (35) | 1.10 (0.83-1.47) | |
Air conditioning (%) | No | 1619 (83) | 565 (35) | 1 |
Yes | 337 (17) | 107 (32) | 0.87 (0.72-1.05) | |
Infant’s room walls painted before birth | No | 953 (49) | 321 (34) | 1 |
Yes | 1003 (51) | 351 (35) | 1.06 (0.85-1.32) | |
Infant’s room walls painted after birth | No | 1713 (88) | 580 (34) | 1 |
Yes | 243 (12) | 92 (38) | 1.19 (0.66-2.16) | |
Infant’s mattress | Used | 1062 (54) | 374 (35) | 1 |
New | 894 (46) | 298 (33) | 0.92 (0.67-1.26) | |
Infant sleeps alone | No (not alone) | 829 (42) | 297 (36) | 1 |
Yes (alone) | 1127 (58) | 375 (33) | 0.89 (0.62-1.30) | |
Daily use of soap | No | 69 (4) | 26 (38) | 1 |
Yes | 1887 (96) | 646 (34) | 0.86 (0.33-2.22) | |
Use of shampoo | No | 615 (31) | 209 (34) | 1 |
Yes | 1341 (69) | 463 (35) | 1.02 (0.69-1.52) | |
No. of people in household | 2 | 237 (12) | 75 (32) | 1 |
3 | 485 (25) | 170 (35) | 1.17 (0.54-2.49) | |
4 | 551 (28) | 178 (32) | 1.03 (0.50-2.14) | |
5 | 332 (17) | 116 (35) | 1.16 (0.74-1.83) | |
≥6 | 351 (18) | 133 (38) | 1.32 (0.63-2.74) P = 0.80 p(trend) = 0.20 | |
Eats vegetables | No | 350 (18) | 115 (33) | 1 |
Yes | 1606 (82) | 557 (35) | 1.08 (0.75-1.57) | |
Eats fruit | No | 184 (9) | 65 (35) | 1 |
Yes | 1772 (91) | 607 (34) | 0.95 (0.49-1.85) | |
Maternal smoking during pregnancy | No | 1779 (91) | 609 (34) | 1 |
Yes | 177 (9) | 63 (36) | 1.06 (0.67-1.67) | |
Mother currently smokes | No | 1557 (80) | 513 (33) | 1 |
Yes | 399 (20) | 159 (40) | 1.35 (0.92-1.97) | |
Father currently smokes | No | 1309 (67) | 434 (33) | 1 |
Yes | 647 (33) | 238 (37) | 1.17 (0.83-1.65) | |
Number of smokers in home | 0 | 952 (49) | 299 (31) | 1 |
1 | 494 (25) | 176 (36) | 1.21 (0.90-1.62) | |
2 | 340 (17) | 131 (39) | 1.37 (0.86-2.17) | |
≥3 | 170 (9) | 66 (39) | 1.39 (0.89-2.15) P = 0.31 p(trend) = 0.03 | |
Any grandparents smoke | No | 832 (43) | 274 (33) | 1 |
Yes | 1124 (57) | 398 (35) | 1.12 (0.83-1.50) | |
Pets in home at time of birth | No | 1259 (64) | 417 (33) | 1 |
Yes | 697 (36) | 255 (37) | 1.16 (0.70-1.93) | |
Pets in home now | No | 1239 (63) | 419 (34) | 1 |
Yes | 717 (37) | 253 (35) | 1.07 (0.74-1.52) | |
Rodents in home | No | 1643 (84) | 534 (32) | 1 |
Yes | 313 (16) | 138 (44) | 1.64 (1.33-2.02) | |
Cockroaches in home | No | 1432 (73) | 470 (33) | 1 |
Yes | 524 (27) | 202 (39) | 1.28 (0.77-2.14) | |
Air pollution near home | No | 1407 (72) | 476 (34) | 1 |
Yes | 549 (28) | 196 (36) | 1.09 (0.57-2.08) | |
Child attended daycare/nursery | No | 1685 (86) | 559 (33) | 1 |
Yes | 271 (14) | 113 (42) | 1.44 (1.14-1.83) | |
Any parasites** | No | 686 (96) | 262 (38) | 1 |
Yes | 26 (4) | 9 (35) | 0.86 (0.23-3.21) | |
Any wheeze | No | 1084 (55) | 280 (26) | 1 |
Yes | 872 (45) | 392 (45) | 2.34 (1.56-3.53) |