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Table 3 Risk of a bias assessment tool designed to assess prevalence studies

From: Prevalence of pressure ulcers among hospitalized adult patients in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Corresponding author [reference]

Representation

Sampling

Random selection

non-response bias

Data collected

Case definition

Reliability & validity of tool

Mode of data collection

Prevalence period

Numerator & denominator

The overall risk of bias

Mengisitie BL et al. [40]

No

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Low risk

Kuruche MM et al. [54]

Yes

No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Low risk

Feven T et al. [55]

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Low risk

Bereded D. T et al. [53]

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Low risk

Gedamu H. et al. [30]

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Low risk

Ebrahim J. et al. [34]

No

No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Moderate risk

Assefa T. et al. [38]

Yes

No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Low risk

  1. Note: Risk of bias assessment tool: Yes (low risk); No (high risk): The overall risk of bias scored based on the number of a high risk of bias per study: low risk (≥8), moderate risk (5–7), and high risk (≤4)