Table 1 Baseline characteristics of three treatment groups
Baseline characteristics | Placebo (n = 23) | Metformin (n = 21) | Pioglitazone (n = 16) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) Mean (±SD) | 46.9 (±10.4) | 45.1 (±13.0) | 44.0 (±12.9) | 0.747 |
Male/Females, n (%) | 14/9 (60.9/39.1) | 12/9 (57.1/42.9) | 9/7 (56.3/43.7) | 0.950 |
Total duration of disease (years) Mean (±SD) | 9.1 (±8.6) | 6.0 (±6.9) | 6.9 (±11.2) | 0.492 |
Seasonal Exacerbation, n (%) | 13 (56.5) | 13 (61.9) | 6 (37.5) | 0.313 |
Seasonal improvement, n (%) | 13 (56.5) | 13 (61.9) | 5 (31.3) | 0.152 |
Remission, n (%) | 21 (91.3) | 11 (52.4) | 10 (62.5) | 0.014 |
Nail involvement, n (%) | 17 (73.9) | 13 (61.9) | 12 (75.0) | 0.602 |
Joint involvement, n (%) | 7 (30.4) | 5 (23.8) | 4 (25.0) | 0.870 |
DM, n (%) | 2 (8.7) | 3 (14.3) | 3 (18.6) | 0.653 |
HTN, n (%) | 11 (47.8) | 10 (47.6) | 5 (31.3) | 0.523 |
Family H/O Psoriasis, n (%) | 4 (17.4) | 3 (14.3) | 0 (0) | 0.225 |
Alcohol, n (%) | 6 (26.1) | 8 (38.1) | 6 (37.5) | 0.643 |
Smoking, n (%) | 3 (13.0) | 3 (14.3) | 1 (6.3) | 0.727 |
Vegetarian, n (%) | 10 (43.8) | 11 (52.4) | 12 (75.0) | 0.144 |
BMI (kg/m2), Mean (±SD) | 29.5 (±3.7) | 27.6 (±3.7) | 27.4 (±4.3) | 0.151 |
Waist Circumference (cm), Mean (±SD) | 105.3 (±9.1) | 99.0 (±9.9) | 100.2 (±8.7) | 0.70 |
ESI, Mean (±SD) | 5.9 (±1.6) | 5.3 (±1.5) | 5.4 (±1.3) | 0.412 |
PGA, Mean (±SD) | 3.4 (±0.9) | 3.1 (±0.8) | 3.2 (±0.8) | 0.476 |
FPG (mg/dl), Mean (±SD) | 97.6 (±20.8) | 101.9 (±35.1) | 103.4 (±28.9) | 0.797 |
Total Cholesterol (mg/dl), Mean (±SD) | 184.4 (±37.5) | 206.9 (±36.2) | 207.2 (±42.3) | 0.95 |
Triglycerides (mg/dl), Mean (±SD) | 181.8 (±61.3) | 194.3 (±63.1) | 200.1 (±55.9) | 0.623 |
HDL (mg/dl), Mean (±SD) | 45.1 (±13.5) | 44.3 (±6.6) | 45.0 (±9.7) | 0.968 |
LDL (mg/dl), Mean (±SD) | 107.6 (±35.7) | 126.1 (±29.1) | 123.1 (±42.3) | 0.194 |
SBP (mmHg), Mean (±SD) | 130.4 (±11.5) | 130.6 (±12.9) | 135.6 (±11.5) | 0.344 |
DBP (mmHg), Mean (±SD) | 84.7 (±7.9) | 85.9 (±7.9) | 85.6 (±8.5) | 0.875 |
Calcium channel blockers, n (%) | 5 (21.7) | 3 (14.3) | 3 (18.6) | 0.815 |
Beta blockers, n (%) | 2 (8.7) | 1 (4.8) | 0 (0) | 0.471 |
Angiotensin receptor blockers, n (%) | 2 (8.7) | 2 (9.5) | 0 (0) | 0.456 |
ACE inhibitors, n (%) | 1 (4.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (6.3) | 0.543 |
Diuretics, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (6.3) | 0.247 |
Sulfonylureas, n (%) | 2 (8.7) | 0 (0) | 1 (6.3) | 0.403 |
Anxiolytics, n (%) | 1 (4.3) | 1 (4.8) | 0 (0) | 0.684 |
Lithium, n (%) | 1 (4.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.441 |
Antidepressants, n (%) | 1 (4.3) | 2 (9.5) | 0 (0) | 0.413 |
Insulin, n (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (4.8) | 0 (0) | 0.389 |
Modafinil, n (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (4.8) | 0 (0) | 0.389 |
NSAIDS, n (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (4.8) | 0 (0) | 0.389 |
Ca, Vitamin D, n (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (4.8) | 0 (0) | 0.389 |
Steroids, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (6.3) | 0.247 |
Beta 2 agonists, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (6.3) | 0.247 |